anytime you cite the same source for a second, consecutive time in a footnote or endnote. In your bibliography (known as a works cited page in MLA format and a references page in APA), each source is listed once, so ibid. Otherwise, there’s no way for the reader to know which source the ibid. The previous footnote or endnote contains only one source.(But you can do this using a shortened version of the footnote or endnote. to direct the reader to a citation made before the most recent one if you’re citing a previously used source for a nonconsecutive second (or subsequent) time, you need to reintroduce the source. You’re directing the reader to the most recent citation.The citation you’re referencing is a full reference to the source.According to the Chicago Manual of Style, you can use ibid. It tells the reader that a specific citation references the same source as the previous citation.īut you can’t use ibid. Ibid., pronounced ih-bid, is typically used in your work’s footnotes or endnotes. is an abbreviation of the Latin word ibidem, which means “in the same place.” It’s shorthand that makes it easy for you to acknowledge that you’ve already cited a specific source in full. Grammarly helps you communicate confidently Write with Grammarly What is ibid.?
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